Empress Car Co (Abertillery) Ltd v National Rivers Authority

• House of Lords
• 5 February 1998
• Lord Browne-Wilkinson, Lord Lloyd of Berwick, Lord Nolan, Lord Hoffmann, Lord Clyde
• [1998] PLSCS 30

Escape of oil from tank into river - Company convicted of causing polluting matter to enter controlled waters - Company contending cause of escape not keeping of oil by company but opening of tap by stranger - Whether necessary to